Life cycle life cycle of the silkworm consists of four stages i. Silkworm the silkworm, bombyx mori produces the silk of commercial importance it is the caterpillar of a moth whose cocoon is used to make silk. During day time and night time, some predator attacks on 3rd to 4th instar of muga silkworm. Life cycle,morphology and rearing of muga silkworms duration. In this report we fabricate 2d matrices from the regenerated aqueous silk fibroin protein. The present paper describes the comparative rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. The muga silkworm rearing is conducted throughout the year six times year on som and soalu plantations. Lets explore the different stages of life of a silkworm. It also belongs to the family saturnidae and semidomesticated in nature. Life cycle and morphology of non mulberry silkworms dr.
In this process, the silkworms up to the second stage stage 2 are called chawki or young age worms. The cricula silkworm lives on some of the same trees with the. The life cycle of silkworm is explained below in details. Wild silkmoths include tasar silkworm, erisilkworm, oaktasar silkworm and muga silkworm.
Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in control no amendment soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species. Bombyx mori is popularly called the chinese silkworm or mulberry silkworm moth. Multivoltine 14 days 10 days 350500 eggs 3035 days 5. The life cycle of it thus comprises stages like egg, larva, pupa, cocoon and adult moth. Muga silkworms are mostly wild unlike the mulberry silkworm, which is completely domesticated. In this report we fabricate 2d matrices from the regenerated aqueous silk fibroin protein of. This insect is also called the silkwormmoth and the mulberry silkworm male and female moths are flightless and lack functional mouth parts. Life cycle of muga silkworm antheraea assama ww muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult.
Life cycle of muga eri silkworm the white or brick red eri silk endi, errandi is produced by philosamia ricini, a domesticated multivoltine silkworm. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs the larva feed on cinnamomum, laurus, litsea, carpinus, persea, magnolia, michelia, quercus, sarcostemma and symplocos. Another view of the silkworm resting before molting. Starting from tiny eggs from the previous year, about 1 mm in diameter, hatch tiny little black threadlike worms 12mm long. Mahesha h b associate professor department of sericulture yuvarajas college, university of mysore, mysore, india. The indian tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta is a natural fauna of tropical india, represented by more than 20 ecoraces. Parameters considered for study for the statistical analyses microsoft excel version 5. Egg stage is lasting for 910 days, larval stage which is 2428 days, pupal stage 810.
Generally, the warmer the weather, the quicker the silkworm will complete its lifecycle, however, other factors such as humidity and exposure to sunlight are also very important. Raising silk moths for their silk or for food is a fairly simple process. The number of aeropyles is variable in both treated and untreated eggs. Nosema assamensis, a pathogenic microsporidian cause pebrine disease in a. Antheraea assamensis, known as the muga silkworm as a larva and assam silk moth as an adult, is a moth of the family saturniidae. The silk produced is known for its glossy, fine texture and durability. The larvae of these moths feed on som machilus bombycina and sualu litsaea polyantha leaves. Lifecycle of silkworm with diagram biology discussion. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces golden silk.
Important stages in the life cycle of a silkworm animal sake. Silkworm the life cycle of silkworm processing of silk. The estimates of descriptive statistics are elucidated in. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea. This silkworm completes its life cycle 45 times in a year and is thus termed multivoltine. The cricula silkworm lives on some of the same trees with the commercially exploited muga silkworm, so causes damages to that semidomesticated silkworm. The silkworms are reared out door and as such are exposed to vagaries of nature. There is an increasing demand for new versatile biomaterials. The life cycle lasts for 50 days in summer and max.
Most of the studies are carried out on mulberry silk bombyx mori, however silk from indian nonmulberry silkworms are relatively unexplored. Change of climatic factors, specially temperature and relative humidity affects almost every aspects of the life cycle of silkworm including their development and survival 15, 10. Life cycle of tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta fig2. The moth is multivoltine the entire life cycle lasts for about 50 days in summer and 120 days in winter. Applied zoology sericulture tumul singh department of zoology, udai pratap autonomous college, varanasi221002 contents. Silk is produced and secreted from silk secreting glands present in the head of the silkworm. Wild silkmoths include tasar silkworm, eri silkworm, oaktasar silkworm and muga silkworm. A complete life cycle of erisilkworm lasts about 44 days in summer and 85 days in winter. Life cycle of eri and muga silkworm the full life cycle of eri and muga silkworm. Silk moths go through four life stages egg, larvae, pupae and adults. The serial progressions of four distinct stages of development complete one generation of the species. Muga moth muga polu in assamese also has the same life cycle as other silkworms, i. Ch10 applied sc, allied physical and chemical sc 432 views.
The fifth instar larva is fully grown and consists of three pairs of jointed legs and five pairs of unjointed stumpy prolegs. In silkworms life cycle, there are 5 instars of larva. Antheraea assama muga silkworm n 15 is a wild silk moth mentioned in. Most of the research and development of technology is confined to china, india, and japan in asia. The lifecycle of it thus comprises stages like egg, larva. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs. House any building or thatch which is well ventilated may be used for rearing the worms, but mudwalled thatched houses are the best as they are cool in summer and warm in winter season. The surface of the chorion of the golden silk producing muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis,helfer is covered with polygons in network pattern. Sengupta ak, siddique aa, barah a, negi bk 1992 improved technologies for muga silkworm rearing, a development perspective. Traditional practices and terminologies in muga eri culture. The adult stage 7 days the body of the moth is covered in short fine hair and wings are creamy white with faint brown lines. The factors responsible for the muga silkworm seed production are discussed in the present study. Jul 19, 20 there is an increasing demand for new versatile biomaterials. The caterpillars can be kept together and a bunch of them eating can sound like rain.
If the eggs are fertile, they will turn black after three days, otherwise, they will turn white. Silk is reported by many researchers as an ideal biomaterial for different biomedical applications. The muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is a holometabolus insect. The life history of silkworm moths consists of four distinct stages.
This makes the worm a fast developer and an easy pet. Eri silkworm, samia ricini, life cycle from eggs to caterpillar. Cricula silkworm cricula trifenestrata helfer is a wild insect present in the northeastern part of india producing golden color fine silk. Exorista sorbillans and blepharipa zebina are major pests of muga silkworm. Pdf muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis lepidoptera. The silkworm is a large bug and it also makes silk. Assam is the only place in the world where all commercially exploited varieties of silk viz. Life cycle of a silkworm authorstream presentation. Muga silkworm is sensitive to chemicals, so any insecticides or pesticides cannot be utilized to control uzifly during rearing period. The lifecycle of it thus comprises stages like egg, larva, pupa, cocoon and adult moth. Rearing of silkworm directorate of sericulture government. Aug, 2016 c l a s s v i i life cycle of silkworm and processing of silk 2.
From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk. Pdf muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam. In your silkworm habitat they share leaves, and a bunch of big silkworms can demolish leaves. Applied zoology sericulture tumul singh department of zoology. Nov 02, 2017 it completes its life cycle in about 45 days.
The life cycle of mulberry silkworm completes in 4555 days, consists of stages egg, larva, pupa and moth. The total lifecycle of a silkworm ranges from 68 weeks. Home rearing of silkworm assam is the only place in the world where all commercially exploited varieties of silk viz. Saturniidae which produces the exclusively fascinating golden shimmering silk is geographically isolated to a single pocket of the world, i.
Muga silk is the product of the silkworm antheraea assamensis endemic to assam. Follow up 7 the life cycle of a silkworm objectives. Silkworm rearing methods for beginners agri farming. Like any other insect, its life cycle completes in four stages, i. The experiments were conducted with an objective to standardize the indoor rearing practice of muga silkworm to avoid early instar loss and adverse climatic conditions. It is widespread in assam and also practiced in bihar, west bengal, manipur, orissa and tripura. Jun 05, 2017 the full life cycle of eri and muga silkworm. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis. In the middle of summer, a female silkworm moth will lay 200 to 500 goldenyellow eggs.
After each molting, the larva neither feeds nor moves for the next 2024 hours. Multivoltine 14 days 10 days 350500 eggs 3035 days 5 instars. They complete their life cycle of four different metamorphosing phases, egg, larva. The life cycle of bombyx mori demonstrates the most advanced form of metamorphosis. These pests complete their life cycle in muga silkworm and occurred in winter and post winter during preseed and seed crop of jethua commercial brood. The duration of life cycle is six to eight weeks depending upon racial characteristics and. Silk is a valuable fabric that symbolizes wealth and prosperity. In your silkworm habitat they share leaves, and a bunch of big silkworms can demolish leaves in minutes. There are two other main types of silk worm used for ahimsa silk, samia ricini, the eri silk moth, and the various tussah tasar moths, such as antheraea pernyi, the chinese tussah moth, antheraea mylitta, the indian tasar moth, and antheraea assamensis, the muga moth. The silk glands are the most conspicuous part of the larval anatomy.
These insects belong to the order lepido ptera and two. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm. Tasar muga eri wild semi domesticated domesticated tropicalsilkworm a. This silkworm being wild and multivoltine in nature, with 5 to 6 broods in a year encounter intermittent climatic. Results data on the following parameters were collected and analysed. A traditional muga reeling device operated by two persons fig. This insect is also called the silkworm moth and the mulberry silkworm male and female moths are flightless and lack functional mouth. The importance of silkworm in silk production was known in china during 3500 b. To learn that animals reproduce as part of their life cycle and in that life cycle there are distinct processes and stages. In earlier times, use of silk was reserved only for kings and monarchs. The egg is laid by a female moth which is mostly the size of small dots. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama. Eggs hatch after 910 days, larva develop for 2433 days, pupation lasts 814 days and adults live only 34 days. Pdf studies on ultra structure and life cycle of nosema.
Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga. A female moth lays more than 350 eggs at a the springtime, the eggs hatch due to the warmth in the air. It caused the considerable lost of muga sill worm crop loss 2090 % in preseed jarua. Female lays about300 400 eggs eggs stick to leaves with gelatinous secretion creamy yellow first, after few days they change into gray in about18c to 25c larva hatches within 10 to 12 days. The total life cycle of a silkworm ranges from 68 weeks. The life cycles, morphology, physiol ogy, biochemistry and genetics of these silk moths are very different. Generally, the warmer the weather, the quicker the silkworm will complete its life cycle, however, other factors such as humidity and exposure to sunlight are also very important. It was previously reported that muga silk cannot be dyed or bleached due to low porosity, but this is incorrect. The adult stage 7 days the body of the moth is covered in short fine. The life cycle of the silkworm moth takes about 6 to 8 weeks, depending on temperature.
Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer lepidoptera. An egg is the first stage of the life cycle of silkworm. This moth is semidomesticated and can be raised outdoor. The native place of this species is assam where it has now become a good source of cottage industry.
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